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The type of access typically used for emergency hemodialysis is a temporary central venous catheter. This choice is correct because it allows for immediate access to the bloodstream, which is crucial in emergency situations where rapid initiation of dialysis is necessary. Central venous catheters are designed for short-term use and can be placed quickly, often in the neck, chest, or groin areas. This makes them ideal for situations where patients have acute renal failure or other critical conditions that require urgent dialysis.

In contrast, an arteriovenous fistula is a long-term access point created surgically and is not suitable for immediate use, as it requires time to mature before it can be used for dialysis. A subcutaneous implantable port is also meant for long-term access but requires surgical placement and is not appropriate in acute emergency situations. The term "dialysis sleeve" is not a recognized form of vascular access for hemodialysis and does not provide immediate access to the circulation.